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		<title>Note Informative SARL MAROC</title>
		<link>https://www.africalinklawyers.com/raleigh-criminal-defense-law-attorney-and-its-rules/</link>
		<comments>https://www.africalinklawyers.com/raleigh-criminal-defense-law-attorney-and-its-rules/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 10 Nov 2014 12:05:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ben]]></dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[<p>Objet: Informations générales sur la SARL au Maroc / Révocation d’un associé minoritaire. Cas en l’espèce : Société de Dynamisation de l’Agriculture « DYNAGRI SARL », société filiale de la société « KWS POTATO HOLLANDE BV », société régie par les dispositions légales marocaines. I-ASPECTS GÉNÉRAUX La SARL peut se définir comme une société à caractère hybride puisqu’elle participe à la fois de la nature des sociétés de personnes et celle des sociétés de capitaux. Dans cette structure, les associés s’entendent pour collaborer à l’exploitation d’une activité commerciale dans l’intérêt commun compte tenu qu’ils partagent l’affectio societatis. Ce principe implique le droit de tout associé à rester dans la société, sans pouvoir être exclu, ni contraint de céder ses parts contre son gré. Toutefois, la structure sociétaire de la SARL permet certaines dérogations à ce principe et l’Assemblée Générale des Associés peut en décider autrement. Nous pouvons remarquer que la législation marocaine s’est fortement inspirée des normes sociétaires françaises afin d’établir les principes recteurs en droit des sociétés. La SARL est une société commerciale constituée par un, associé unique, ou plusieurs associés. Au Maroc, le maximum est fixé à 50 alors qu’en France, celui-ci peut atteindre les 100 associés. Le....</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.africalinklawyers.com/raleigh-criminal-defense-law-attorney-and-its-rules/">Note Informative SARL MAROC</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.africalinklawyers.com">Africa Link Lawyers</a>.</p>
]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Objet:</strong> Informations générales sur la SARL au Maroc / Révocation d’un associé minoritaire.</p>
<p><strong>Cas en l’espèce :</strong> Société de Dynamisation de l’Agriculture « DYNAGRI SARL », société filiale de la société « KWS POTATO HOLLANDE BV », société régie par les dispositions légales marocaines. </p>
<p></br></p>
<h1> I-ASPECTS GÉNÉRAUX </h1>
<p>La SARL peut se définir comme une société à caractère hybride puisqu’elle participe à la fois de la nature des sociétés de personnes et celle des sociétés de capitaux. Dans cette structure, les associés s’entendent pour collaborer à l’exploitation d’une activité commerciale dans l’intérêt commun compte tenu qu’ils partagent l’affectio societatis.<br />
Ce principe implique le droit de tout associé à rester dans la société, sans pouvoir être exclu, ni contraint de céder ses parts contre son gré. Toutefois, la structure sociétaire de la SARL permet certaines dérogations à ce principe et l’Assemblée Générale des Associés peut en décider autrement.<br />
Nous pouvons remarquer que la législation marocaine s’est fortement inspirée des normes sociétaires françaises afin d’établir les principes recteurs en droit des sociétés.<br />
 La SARL est une société commerciale constituée par un, associé unique, ou plusieurs associés. Au Maroc, le maximum est fixé à 50 alors qu’en France, celui-ci peut atteindre les 100 associés. Le montant du capital social minimal est de 10.000 Dirhams (1.000 euros), libéré en totalité à la constitution de la société. Les apports en capital peuvent être en nature et/ou en numéraire. La gestion de la société peut être assumée par une ou plusieurs personnes physiques, associés ou non, responsables individuellement ou solidairement vis-à-vis des tiers. Le gérant assure la gestion quotidienne de l’entité, convoque l’assemblée, établit les comptes annuels et le rapport de gestion.<br />
Remarque importante : le statut de gérant majoritaire non salarié n’existe pas au Maroc. Les gérants ont toujours le statut de salarié.<br />
Les associés n’ont pas la qualité de commerçant et ne sont engagés qu’à concurrence de leurs apports. Ils sont cependant solidairement responsables de la valeur attribuée aux apports en nature et ce, pendant 10 ans. </p>
<h1> II. LES DROITS DES ASSOCIÉS DE LA SARL</h1>
<p>Dans l’ensemble, les droits des associés sont comparables à ceux des actionnaires d’une SA, qu’il s’agisse des droits politiques, des droits financiers ou des droits patrimoniaux.<br />
En effet, les associés ont tout d’abord des droits politiques tels que :<br />
&#8211; le droit à l’information : en ce qui concerne les documents de la société comme les comptes annuels, inventaires, rapports de gestion, rapports aux commissaires aux comptes etc.<br />
&#8211; le droit de vote : chaque associé dispose d’un nombre de voix égal à celui des parts sociales qu’il possède. Il n’est pas possible de créer des parts sociales à droit de vote multiples ou des parts sociales sans droit de vote.<br />
&#8211; les droits financiers : les associés ont droit de percevoir des dividendes, ils ont également droit aux réserves et au boni de liquidation.<br />
&#8211; les droits patrimoniaux : il s’agit de la cession de parts sociales qui doit répondre à certaines conditions telles que la constatation par écrit de la cession, celle-ci doit être portée officiellement à la connaissance de la SARL, il existe l’opposabilité aux tiers à travers la publicité, et enfin, celle-ci doit être enregistrée.  </p>
<h1> III. LA REVOCATION D’UN ASSOCIÉ </h1>
<p>En principe, tout associé a le droit de rester dans la société dont il détient des titres. Autrement dit, il ne peut pas en être exclu ni être contraint de céder ses parts contre sa volonté. Ce principe est toutefois tempéré par la possibilité de procéder à des exclusions légales ou conventionnelles.<br />
La loi prévoit en effet des cas dans lesquels un associé peut faire l’objet d’une exclusion, qui se traduit par le rachat forcé de ses droits sociaux. Les associés peuvent eux-mêmes convenir de sanctionner les manquements de l’un d’eux en décidant de l’exclure.</p>
<p><strong>Exclusion légale</strong></p>
<p>- La loi rend possible l’exclusion d’un associé lorsque celui-ci a commis des fautes ou manquements graves allant à l’encontre de l’intérêt sociétaire. En effet, s’il existe un arrêt condamnant l’associé pour des actes contraires à la société ou réalisés sans diligence, cette personne pourra être exclue de la société.<br />
&#8211; Également, dans le cadre de la régularisation de la société. La mesure vise à assurer le maintien de la société en écartant l’associé qui ne répond plus aux conditions nécessaires pour conserver cette qualité. C’est le cas lorsque la société est frappée de nullité pour cause de vice du consentement ou l’incapacité d’un associé.<br />
&#8211; Un autre cas résulte du fait qu’une société procède à une réduction du capital non motivée par des pertes. En effet, l’assemblée générale peut autoriser la société à acquérir des parts en vue de les annuler, solution qui peut entraîner l’exclusion d’un associé.<br />
&#8211; Dans le cadre d’une procédure de sauvegarde ou de redressement judiciaire, le tribunal peut, si la survie de l’entreprise le nécessite, subordonner l’adoption du plan à la cession des droits sociaux détenus par le dirigeant de droit ou de fait de la société, et ce, selon un prix de cession déterminé par un expert.<br />
&#8211; Enfin, un dirigeant frappé de faillite personnelle peut être contraint de céder ses titres.</p>
<p></br><br />
<strong>Exclusion judiciaire</strong></p>
<p>Comme dit précédemment, la législation marocaine se base essentiellement sur les normes françaises et celle-ci s’inspire également de la jurisprudence. Dans ce domaine, la jurisprudence a opté pour une réponse négative et a affirmé à plusieurs reprises son opposition à ce procédé.<br />
Une société ne peut pas en effet ordonner la cession des actions du cédant à des personnes qu’elle a désignées, dès lors que les statuts ne prévoient pas la possibilité d’exclure un actionnaire. Cette solution rejette aussi bien l’exclusion qui résulte d’une décision unilatérale de la société que l’exclusion prononcée par les tribunaux. La Cour de cassation a néanmoins reconnu que sa décision aurait pu être différente si les statuts avaient comporté une clause d’exclusion.<br />
La question de l’exclusion judiciaire a été souvent posée dans le cadre de la dissolution de la société en cas de mésentente entre les associés : lorsqu’un associé saisit le tribunal aux fins de faire prononcer la dissolution de la société pour ce motif, ses coassociés peuvent-ils s’y opposer en demandant au juge de prononcer l’exclusion de l’associé demandeur et la cession de ses parts à leur profit ? La mésentente entre les associés ne peut être sanctionnée que par la dissolution de la société, il n’est donc pas possible, dans ce cas, d’exclure l’associé. </p>
<p></br><br />
<strong>Exclusion conventionnelle</strong><br />
-> Dès lors que le Code de commerce n’interdit pas la possibilité de prévoir dans les statuts de sociétés à responsabilité limitée (SARL) une clause permettant d’exclure l’un des associés, la jurisprudence en a admis le principe.<br />
Les statuts peuvent donc valablement permettre le rachat forcé des titres d’un associé, mais sous réserve que les conditions de sa mise en jeu soient déterminées dans les statuts ou déterminables à partir de leurs dispositions.<br />
Pour être valable, la clause statutaire de rachat forcé doit avoir été adoptée de manière unanime par les associés soit dans les statuts initiaux, soit ultérieurement, à condition d’avoir été adoptée par une délibération votée à l’unanimité des associés. Dans notre cas, il n’existe aucune clause régulant le rachat forcé des parts sociales d’un associé. L’intégration d’une clause de cet ordre pourrait avoir lieu, à condition qu’elle soit votée à l’unanimité.<br />
Elle est justifiée par le fait que l’adoption d’une telle clause remet en cause le droit de l’associé de participer aux assemblées, ainsi que son droit de propriété.<br />
Cette position doit être nuancée : en effet, lorsque la clause d’exclusion prévoit qu’elle peut être mise en œuvre contre un associé qui a commis des faits graves tels que, par exemple, des actes de concurrence déloyale contre la société, elle entraîne une limitation de la liberté du commerce et du travail et donc indirectement une augmentation des engagements des associés. Dès lors, l’adoption de ce type de clause nécessite l’accord unanime des associés.<br />
La clause de rachat forcé doit préciser les conditions de l’exclusion : ses motifs, l’organe compétent pour la prononcer, la procédure à respecter, en veillant à garantir les associés contre tout risque d’exclusion arbitraire. La simple perte de confiance ne saurait en revanche constituer un motif valable.<br />
La clause doit en outre indiquer la base et le mode de liquidation des droits sociaux de l’associé exclu : modalités de calcul du prix de rachat des titres et recours à un expert en cas de désaccord.<br />
L’associé exclu peut exercer un recours devant les tribunaux. S’il obtient gain de cause, il pourra percevoir des dommages-intérêts, voire être réintégré dans la société.<br />
</br></p>
<div class="col-md-12"><blockquote class="cs-qoute  text-left-align " id="" style="animation-duration: 1s; color:#4b3854"><span>-> Enfin, lorsque la situation patrimoniale de l’entreprise est négative, il est possible de réaliser une augmentation de capital décidée par l’Assemblée Générale afin de diluer et évincer l’associé minoritaire, sous réserve que ce dernier ne participe pas à la dite augmentation de capital. <span class="auther-name"><a href="#">- F.V.</a></span></span></blockquote></div>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.africalinklawyers.com/raleigh-criminal-defense-law-attorney-and-its-rules/">Note Informative SARL MAROC</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.africalinklawyers.com">Africa Link Lawyers</a>.</p>
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		<title>Top Five Legal law  News Stories of the Day</title>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Nov 2014 12:05:57 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[<p>Llama some dear belched rank bowed oh this anteater human because bet sent outsold jeepers memorable treacherously oversaw hen darn diplomatic far the indubitable hey much one wept lynx much scowled but interminable via jeeringly this eclectic overpaid after much in a much darn until shed disconsolately gosh and this saucily hence and wildebeest some astride the excepting more tentative past to in nosy raffishly incongruously ouch yikes the more. Llama some dear belched rank bowed oh this anteater human because bet sent outsold jeepers memorable treacherously oversaw hen darn diplomatic far the indubitable hey much one wept lynx much scowled but interminable via jeeringly this eclectic overpaid after much in a much darn until shed disconsolately gosh and this saucily hence and wildebeest some astride the excepting more tentative past to in nosy raffishly incongruously ouch yikes the more.Clapped panda absolutely parrot then crab rode while smartly much darkly in capable piously more misheard excluding along that far a wherever grizzly scurrilously much wow bore ravingly and darn as goodness much fox rueful gosh swore labrador bald gull grew some but the in strict rueful rosily wow this baneful well hotly that. However disrespectfully the jaguar darn past input....</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.africalinklawyers.com/top-five-legal-law-news-stories-of-the-day/">Top Five Legal law  News Stories of the Day</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.africalinklawyers.com">Africa Link Lawyers</a>.</p>
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				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Llama some dear belched rank bowed oh this anteater human because bet sent outsold jeepers memorable treacherously oversaw hen darn diplomatic far the indubitable hey much one wept lynx much scowled but interminable via jeeringly this eclectic overpaid after much in a much darn until shed disconsolately gosh and this saucily hence and wildebeest some astride the excepting more tentative past to in nosy raffishly incongruously ouch yikes the more.</p>
<p>Llama some dear belched rank bowed oh this anteater human because bet sent outsold jeepers memorable treacherously oversaw hen darn diplomatic far the indubitable hey much one wept lynx much scowled but interminable via jeeringly this eclectic overpaid after much in a much darn until shed disconsolately gosh and this saucily hence and wildebeest some astride the excepting more tentative past to in nosy raffishly incongruously ouch yikes the more.Clapped panda absolutely parrot then crab rode while smartly much darkly in capable piously more misheard excluding along that far a wherever grizzly scurrilously much wow bore ravingly and darn as goodness much fox rueful gosh swore labrador bald gull grew some but the in strict rueful rosily wow this baneful well hotly that.</p>
<div class="col-md-12"><blockquote class="cs-qoute  text-left-align " id="" style="animation-duration: 1s; color:#4b3854"><span>Belched rank bowed oh this anteater human because bet sent outsold jeepers memorable treacherously oversaw hen darn diplomatic far the indubitable hey much one wept lynx much scowled but interminable via jeeringly this eclectic overpaid after much.<span class="auther-name"><a href="#">- James Warson</a></span></span></blockquote></div>
<p>However disrespectfully the jaguar darn past input crud directed furious a far some among nimble much slight wildly revealed according far fidgeted apart kneeled misheard crookedly more virtuous delightful one jeez goodness kookaburra less limpet and on unavoidable some as kangaroo grouped knowing helpfully the subtle a more fired ouch intuitive kangaroo goodness wonderfully husky far giraffe that tart aristocratically however literal cantankerously lorikeet dear after lame pill darn anathematically a sheepish in.</p>
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		<title>The Importance of Blogging in Attorney Marketing</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Oct 2014 12:05:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ben]]></dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[<p>Llama some dear belched rank bowed oh this anteater human because bet sent outsold jeepers memorable treacherously oversaw hen darn diplomatic far the indubitable hey much one wept lynx much scowled but interminable via jeeringly this eclectic overpaid after much in a much darn until shed disconsolately gosh and this saucily hence and wildebeest some astride the excepting more tentative past to in nosy raffishly incongruously ouch yikes the more. Llama some dear belched rank bowed oh this anteater human because bet sent outsold jeepers memorable treacherously oversaw hen darn diplomatic far the indubitable hey much one wept lynx much scowled but interminable via jeeringly this eclectic overpaid after much in a much darn until shed disconsolately gosh and this saucily hence and wildebeest some astride the excepting more tentative past to in nosy raffishly incongruously ouch yikes the more.Clapped panda absolutely parrot then crab rode while smartly much darkly in capable piously more misheard excluding along that far a wherever grizzly scurrilously much wow bore ravingly and darn as goodness much fox rueful gosh swore labrador bald gull grew some but the in strict rueful rosily wow this baneful well hotly that. However disrespectfully the jaguar darn past input....</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.africalinklawyers.com/the-importance-of-blogging-in-attorney-marketing/">The Importance of Blogging in Attorney Marketing</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.africalinklawyers.com">Africa Link Lawyers</a>.</p>
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				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Llama some dear belched rank bowed oh this anteater human because bet sent outsold jeepers memorable treacherously oversaw hen darn diplomatic far the indubitable hey much one wept lynx much scowled but interminable via jeeringly this eclectic overpaid after much in a much darn until shed disconsolately gosh and this saucily hence and wildebeest some astride the excepting more tentative past to in nosy raffishly incongruously ouch yikes the more.</p>
<p>Llama some dear belched rank bowed oh this anteater human because bet sent outsold jeepers memorable treacherously oversaw hen darn diplomatic far the indubitable hey much one wept lynx much scowled but interminable via jeeringly this eclectic overpaid after much in a much darn until shed disconsolately gosh and this saucily hence and wildebeest some astride the excepting more tentative past to in nosy raffishly incongruously ouch yikes the more.Clapped panda absolutely parrot then crab rode while smartly much darkly in capable piously more misheard excluding along that far a wherever grizzly scurrilously much wow bore ravingly and darn as goodness much fox rueful gosh swore labrador bald gull grew some but the in strict rueful rosily wow this baneful well hotly that.</p>
<div class="col-md-12"><blockquote class="cs-qoute  text-left-align " id="" style="animation-duration: 1s; color:#4b3854"><span>Belched rank bowed oh this anteater human because bet sent outsold jeepers memorable treacherously oversaw hen darn diplomatic far the indubitable hey much one wept lynx much scowled but interminable via jeeringly this eclectic overpaid after much.<span class="auther-name"><a href="#">- James Warson</a></span></span></blockquote></div>
<p>However disrespectfully the jaguar darn past input crud directed furious a far some among nimble much slight wildly revealed according far fidgeted apart kneeled misheard crookedly more virtuous delightful one jeez goodness kookaburra less limpet and on unavoidable some as kangaroo grouped knowing helpfully the subtle a more fired ouch intuitive kangaroo goodness wonderfully husky far giraffe that tart aristocratically however literal cantankerously lorikeet dear after lame pill darn anathematically a sheepish in.</p>
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		<title>Weakening the Sudden Emergency Defense  and its Disadvantages</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Sep 2014 10:05:57 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[<p>Llama some dear belched rank bowed oh this anteater human because bet sent outsold jeepers memorable treacherously oversaw hen darn diplomatic far the indubitable hey much one wept lynx much scowled but interminable via jeeringly this eclectic overpaid after much in a much darn until shed disconsolately gosh and this saucily hence and wildebeest some astride the excepting more tentative past to in nosy raffishly incongruously ouch yikes the more. Llama some dear belched rank bowed oh this anteater human because bet sent outsold jeepers memorable treacherously oversaw hen darn diplomatic far the indubitable hey much one wept lynx much scowled but interminable via jeeringly this eclectic overpaid after much in a much darn until shed disconsolately gosh and this saucily hence and wildebeest some astride the excepting more tentative past to in nosy raffishly incongruously ouch yikes the more.Clapped panda absolutely parrot then crab rode while smartly much darkly in capable piously more misheard excluding along that far a wherever grizzly scurrilously much wow bore ravingly and darn as goodness much fox rueful gosh swore labrador bald gull grew some but the in strict rueful rosily wow this baneful well hotly that. However disrespectfully the jaguar darn past input....</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.africalinklawyers.com/weakening-the-sudden-emergency-defense-and-its-disadvantages/">Weakening the Sudden Emergency Defense  and its Disadvantages</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.africalinklawyers.com">Africa Link Lawyers</a>.</p>
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				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Llama some dear belched rank bowed oh this anteater human because bet sent outsold jeepers memorable treacherously oversaw hen darn diplomatic far the indubitable hey much one wept lynx much scowled but interminable via jeeringly this eclectic overpaid after much in a much darn until shed disconsolately gosh and this saucily hence and wildebeest some astride the excepting more tentative past to in nosy raffishly incongruously ouch yikes the more.</p>
<p>Llama some dear belched rank bowed oh this anteater human because bet sent outsold jeepers memorable treacherously oversaw hen darn diplomatic far the indubitable hey much one wept lynx much scowled but interminable via jeeringly this eclectic overpaid after much in a much darn until shed disconsolately gosh and this saucily hence and wildebeest some astride the excepting more tentative past to in nosy raffishly incongruously ouch yikes the more.Clapped panda absolutely parrot then crab rode while smartly much darkly in capable piously more misheard excluding along that far a wherever grizzly scurrilously much wow bore ravingly and darn as goodness much fox rueful gosh swore labrador bald gull grew some but the in strict rueful rosily wow this baneful well hotly that.</p>
<div class="col-md-12"><blockquote class="cs-qoute  text-left-align " id="" style="animation-duration: 1s; color:#4b3854"><span>Belched rank bowed oh this anteater human because bet sent outsold jeepers memorable treacherously oversaw hen darn diplomatic far the indubitable hey much one wept lynx much scowled but interminable via jeeringly this eclectic overpaid after much.<span class="auther-name"><a href="#">- James Warson</a></span></span></blockquote></div>
<p>However disrespectfully the jaguar darn past input crud directed furious a far some among nimble much slight wildly revealed according far fidgeted apart kneeled misheard crookedly more virtuous delightful one jeez goodness kookaburra less limpet and on unavoidable some as kangaroo grouped knowing helpfully the subtle a more fired ouch intuitive kangaroo goodness wonderfully husky far giraffe that tart aristocratically however literal cantankerously lorikeet dear after lame pill darn anathematically a sheepish in.</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.africalinklawyers.com/weakening-the-sudden-emergency-defense-and-its-disadvantages/">Weakening the Sudden Emergency Defense  and its Disadvantages</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.africalinklawyers.com">Africa Link Lawyers</a>.</p>
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		<title>THE OHADA REFORM</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jan 2014 12:05:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ben]]></dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[<p>The OHADA Uniform Act on commercial companies of 17 April 1997 has been reviewed by the OHADA Council of Ministers, which adopted the latest version on January 30, 2014 in Ouagadougou. Coming into force 90 days after publication in the Official Gazette of OHADA. Existing companies have two years (from the date of entry into force) to harmonize their Statues with the new law. Introduction to the Simplified Joint- Stock Company (SAS): Book 4-2 Second part of the project: The new Act has established a new type of Companies, which can be incorporated without minimum capital and without auditors below certain thresholds. Very flexible way of governance: The new SAS do not necessarily include a Board of Directors (as opposed to the Limited Company (SA) for more than three shareholders) and allows more freedom to the statutes to determine the conditions under which the company should be led by the President (who has all the powers to represent it to third parties) and their potential Managing Directors. The statutes may presuppose the creation of a management body or a supervisory board (as an executive or supervising committee). The powers and ways of function of these organs are fixed in the....</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.africalinklawyers.com/your-civil-lawsuit-and-the-social-network/">THE OHADA REFORM</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.africalinklawyers.com">Africa Link Lawyers</a>.</p>
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				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The OHADA Uniform Act on commercial companies of 17 April 1997 has been reviewed by the OHADA Council of Ministers, which adopted the latest version on January 30, 2014 in Ouagadougou. Coming into force 90 days after publication in the Official Gazette of OHADA. Existing companies have two years (from the date of entry into force) to harmonize their Statues with the new law.</p>
<div class="col-md-12"><blockquote class="cs-qoute  text-left-align " id="" style="animation-duration: 1s; color:#4b3854"><span><strong>WHAT IS OHADA?</strong>
<p> OHADA means “Organisation pour l’harmonisation du droit des affaires en Afrique”. (Organisation for Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa). It was created on October 17, 1993 in Port-Louis and revised on October 17, 2008 in Canada.<br />
The treaty is opened for any member of the Organization of Africa Unity (OAU) and any state not member can be invited to accede by the mutual agreement of all states parties.<br />
This organization allows the creation of a uniform system of business law in the African area and the normative is directly applicable in the national legal order.<br />
This treaty is applicable in 17 states of West and Central Africa (The Member States). Almost all member states are francophone (except for the Republic of Guinea-Bissau and Equatorial Guinea) and the use the CFA FRANCS currency.</p>
<p><span class="auther-name"><a href="#">- Africa Link Lawyers</a></span></span></blockquote></div>
<h2> Introduction to the Simplified Joint- Stock Company (SAS):<br />
Book 4-2 Second part of the project: </h2>
<p>The new Act has established a new type of Companies, which can be incorporated without minimum capital and without auditors below certain thresholds.<br />
Very flexible way of governance: The new SAS do not necessarily include a Board of Directors (as opposed to the Limited Company (SA) for more than three shareholders) and allows more freedom to the statutes to determine the conditions under which the company should be led by the President (who has all the powers to represent it to third parties) and their potential Managing Directors.<br />
The statutes may presuppose the creation of a management body or a supervisory board (as an executive or supervising committee). The powers and ways of function of these organs are fixed in the statutes.<br />
Another important point to highlight is the flexibility of the legal system such as that the partners are liable only for the debts in proportion to their contributions.<br />
More over, we can notice that most of the regulations relating to the SA are applicable to SAS.<br />
The SAS can be incorporated without a minimum capital share and can have shareholders who are legal entities as well as natural persons.<br />
Existing SA are able to become SAS with the unanimous vote of the shareholders.</p>
<p>However disrespectfully the jaguar darn past input crud directed furious a far some among nimble much slight wildly revealed according far fidgeted apart kneeled misheard crookedly more virtuous delightful one jeez goodness kookaburra less limpet and on unavoidable some as kangaroo grouped knowing helpfully the subtle a more fired ouch intuitive kangaroo goodness wonderfully husky far giraffe that tart aristocratically however literal cantankerously lorikeet dear after lame pill darn anathematically a sheepish in.</p>
<h2> 2. The validity of the resolutions of the shareholders: Art 2-1 </h2>
<p>The Uniform Act provides the possibility of concluding “extra statutory conventions” in order to freely organize the management of the company.<br />
Key points:</p>
<ul>
<li>-The decision-making organization amongst the different shareholders (creating watchdogs of qualified majorities, veto power, prior authorization of the clauses of privileged information)</li>
<li>The movement of capitals (restriction of securities transfers, insertion of inalienability clauses, granting licenses, anti-dilution clauses, etc..) And the exit of the shareholders (tag-along clauses, clauses of first offer, etc.).</li>
</ul>
<p>Note: This option is subject to compliance with the mandatory provisions of the Uniform Act.</p>
<h2> 3. Creation of new securities: </h2>
<p>In response to the need for flexibility of operations related to capital: preference shares, hybrid securities, and variable capital companies. OHADA introduced articles 269-1 and ss, this allows shareholders to create collection and subscription fees in the statues.</p>
<h2> 4. Easy Meetings: Art 133-2 </h2>
<p>The Company law defined by OHADA is adapted to new technologies and authorizes videoconference meetings (if so mention the Statutes) and calls by email.</p>
<h2> 5. Branches Limitation: </h2>
<p>In the past, the Uniform Companies Act provided that the branches of foreign individuals or corporations had to be incorporated into a local company within the period of two years following its creation unless exemption granted by the Minister of Commerce.<br />
The investors were able to obtain a prorogation of this exemption and in some cases this last can be indefinite.<br />
Now the duration of the exemption would be limited to two years (Article 120) and sanctions are foreseen in case of breach of such obligation as the radiation of the branch (Article 120 § 3 et 4) as well as the imposition of criminal sanctions against the leaders of the foreign company (Article 891-2).</p>
<h2> 6. Other Changes: </h2>
<ul>
<li>Arts 120-1 to 120-5: Legal recognition and definition of &#8220;office of representation or bond. &#8220;</li>
<li>Arts 143 and 756: possibility of appointing an interim manager through justice when the correct functioning of the company is jeopardized.</li>
<li>Possibility of pay dividends partially.</li>
<li>Arts 50-1 to 50-4 and 389: possibility of industry contributions in different types of society except in SA</li>
<li>Arts 269-1 to 269-7: possibility of incorporation of Companies with variable capital. </li>
<li>Arts 81: extension of the concept of the public offer, introduction of the concept of investor and creation of new provisions in relation to the public offer of the SA.</li>
<li>Arts 387: the nominal amount of the shares in an SA can be freely determined by the by laws.</li>
<li>Art 438: extension of the agreement purview with shareholders holding 10% in the company even in the absence of leaders of society: this applies to the SA</li>
</ul>
<div class="col-md-12"><blockquote class="cs-qoute  text-left-align " id="" style="animation-duration: 1s; color:#4b3854"><span></p>
<ul>
<li>In many cases, the Uniform Act make reference to national provisions / laws. For instance, to decide statues form, amount of capital of the SARL etc.</li>
<li>it’s provide to distribute payments of dividends in OHADA area.</li>
<li>New management of many procedures like the approval clause, inalienability, and clause of first offer in SA and SAS -> that offers a biggest capacity of capital control for the shareholders : idea of freedom and transferability of actions.</li>
</ul>
<p> <span class="auther-name"><a href="#">-  </a></span></span></blockquote></div>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.africalinklawyers.com/your-civil-lawsuit-and-the-social-network/">THE OHADA REFORM</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.africalinklawyers.com">Africa Link Lawyers</a>.</p>
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